一、基本结构

1. 网络通信模块(AFURLSessionManager、AFHTTPSessionManger)
2. 网络状态监听模块(Reachability)
3. 网络通信安全策略模块(Security)
4. 网络通信信息序列化/反序列化模块(Serialization)
5. 对于iOS UIKit库的扩展(UIKit)

AF3.x是基于NSURLSession来封装的。所以这个类围绕着NSURLSession做了一系列的封装,其中AFHTTPSessionManager是继承于AFURLSessionManager的，我们一般做网络请求都是用这个类，但是它本身是没有做实事的，只是做了一些简单的封装，把请求逻辑分发给父类AFURLSessionManager或者其它类去做。

二、网络通信模块

AFHTTPSessionManager

1.初始化方法

- (instancetype)initWithBaseURL:(NSURL *)url
           sessionConfiguration:(NSURLSessionConfiguration *)configuration
{
    self = [super initWithSessionConfiguration:configuration];
    if (!self) {
        return nil;
    }
    //对传过来的BaseUrl进行处理，如果有值且最后不包含/，url加上"/"
  //--经一位热心读者更正...以后注释也一定要走心啊...不能误导大家...
    if ([[url path] length] > 0 && ![[url absoluteString] hasSuffix:@"/"]) {
        url = [url URLByAppendingPathComponent:@""];
    }

    self.baseURL = url;

    self.requestSerializer = [AFHTTPRequestSerializer serializer];
    self.responseSerializer = [AFJSONResponseSerializer serializer];

    return self;
}

2.核心方法:创建NSURLSessionDataTask任务

- (NSURLSessionDataTask *)dataTaskWithHTTPMethod:(NSString *)method
                                       URLString:(NSString *)URLString
                                      parameters:(id)parameters
                                  uploadProgress:(nullable void (^)(NSProgress *uploadProgress)) uploadProgress
                                downloadProgress:(nullable void (^)(NSProgress *downloadProgress)) downloadProgress
                                         success:(void (^)(NSURLSessionDataTask *, id))success
                                         failure:(void (^)(NSURLSessionDataTask *, NSError *))failure
{
    
    NSError *serializationError = nil;
    
    //把参数，还有各种东西转化为一个request
    NSMutableURLRequest *request = [self.requestSerializer requestWithMethod:method URLString:[[NSURL URLWithString:URLString relativeToURL:self.baseURL] absoluteString] parameters:parameters error:&serializationError];
    
    if (serializationError) {
        if (failure) {
#pragma clang diagnostic push
#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wgnu"
            //如果解析错误，直接返回
            dispatch_async(self.completionQueue ?: dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
                failure(nil, serializationError);
            });
#pragma clang diagnostic pop
        }

        return nil;
    }
    __block NSURLSessionDataTask *dataTask = nil;
    dataTask = [self dataTaskWithRequest:request
                          uploadProgress:uploadProgress
                        downloadProgress:downloadProgress
                       completionHandler:^(NSURLResponse * __unused response, id responseObject, NSError *error) {
        if (error) {
            if (failure) {
                failure(dataTask, error);
            }
        } else {
            if (success) {
                success(dataTask, responseObject);
            }
        }
    }];

    return dataTask;
}

主要做了两件事：

1.用self.requestSerializer和各种参数去获取了一个我们最终请求网络需要的NSMutableURLRequest实例。

NSMutableURLRequest *request = [self.requestSerializer requestWithMethod:method URLString:[[NSURL URLWithString:URLString relativeToURL:self.baseURL] absoluteString] parameters:parameters error:&serializationError];

2.调用另外一个方法dataTaskWithRequest去拿到我们最终需要的NSURLSessionDataTask实例，并且在完成的回调里，调用我们传过来的成功和失败的回调。

dataTask = [self dataTaskWithRequest:request
                      uploadProgress:uploadProgress
                    downloadProgress:downloadProgress
                   completionHandler:^(NSURLResponse * __unused response, id responseObject, NSError *error) {
    if (error) {
        if (failure) {
            failure(dataTask, error);
        }
    } else {
        if (success) {
            success(dataTask, responseObject);
        }
    }
}];

以上两个方法实现都在AFURLSessionManager类中，也就是说最终做事的还是AFURLSessionManager

AFURLSessionManager

一、生成request

1.获取请求需要的NSMutableURLRequest

- (NSMutableURLRequest *)requestWithMethod:(NSString *)method
                                 URLString:(NSString *)URLString
                                parameters:(id)parameters
                                     error:(NSError *__autoreleasing *)error
{
    //断言，debug模式下，如果缺少改参数，crash
    NSParameterAssert(method);
    NSParameterAssert(URLString);

    NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:URLString];

    NSParameterAssert(url);

    NSMutableURLRequest *mutableRequest = [[NSMutableURLRequest alloc] initWithURL:url];
    mutableRequest.HTTPMethod = method;

    //将request的各种属性循环遍历
    for (NSString *keyPath in AFHTTPRequestSerializerObservedKeyPaths()) {
        //如果自己观察到的发生变化的属性，在这些方法里
        if ([self.mutableObservedChangedKeyPaths containsObject:keyPath]) {
           //把给自己设置的属性给request设置
            [mutableRequest setValue:[self valueForKeyPath:keyPath] forKey:keyPath];
        }
    }
    //将传入的parameters进行编码，并添加到request中
    mutableRequest = [[self requestBySerializingRequest:mutableRequest withParameters:parameters error:error] mutableCopy];

    return mutableRequest;
}

主要做了3件事：

1.设置mutableRequest.HTTPMethod ;
2.将request的各种属性循环遍历
3.将传入的parameters进行编码，并添加到request中

- (NSURLRequest *)requestBySerializingRequest:(NSURLRequest *)request
                               withParameters:(id)parameters
                                        error:(NSError *__autoreleasing *)error
{
    NSParameterAssert(request);

    NSMutableURLRequest *mutableRequest = [request mutableCopy];

    //从自己的head里去遍历，如果有值则设置给request的head
    [self.HTTPRequestHeaders enumerateKeysAndObjectsUsingBlock:^(id field, id value, BOOL * __unused stop) {
        if (![request valueForHTTPHeaderField:field]) {
            [mutableRequest setValue:value forHTTPHeaderField:field];
        }
    }];

    //来把各种类型的参数，array dic set转化成字符串，给request
    NSString *query = nil;
    if (parameters) {
        //自定义的解析方式
        if (self.queryStringSerialization) {
            NSError *serializationError;
            query = self.queryStringSerialization(request, parameters, &serializationError);

            if (serializationError) {
                if (error) {
                    *error = serializationError;
                }

                return nil;
            }
        } else {
            //默认解析方式
            switch (self.queryStringSerializationStyle) {
                case AFHTTPRequestQueryStringDefaultStyle:
                    query = AFQueryStringFromParameters(parameters);
                    break;
            }
        }
    }

    //最后判断该request中是否包含了GET、HEAD、DELETE（都包含在HTTPMethodsEncodingParametersInURI）。因为这几个method的quey是拼接到url后面的。而POST、PUT是把query拼接到http body中的。
    if ([self.HTTPMethodsEncodingParametersInURI containsObject:[[request HTTPMethod] uppercaseString]]) {
        if (query && query.length > 0) {
            mutableRequest.URL = [NSURL URLWithString:[[mutableRequest.URL absoluteString] stringByAppendingFormat:mutableRequest.URL.query ? @"&%@" : @"?%@", query]];
        }
    } else {
        //post put请求
        
        // #2864: an empty string is a valid x-www-form-urlencoded payload
        if (!query) {
            query = @"";
        }
        if (![mutableRequest valueForHTTPHeaderField:@"Content-Type"]) {
            [mutableRequest setValue:@"application/x-www-form-urlencoded" forHTTPHeaderField:@"Content-Type"];
        }
        //设置请求体
        [mutableRequest setHTTPBody:[query dataUsingEncoding:self.stringEncoding]];
    }

    return mutableRequest;
}

2.默认将参数转码成字符串

query = AFQueryStringFromParameters(parameters);

NSString * AFQueryStringFromParameters(NSDictionary *parameters) {
    NSMutableArray *mutablePairs = [NSMutableArray array];
    
    //把参数给AFQueryStringPairsFromDictionary，拿到AF的一个类型的数据就一个key，value对象，在URLEncodedStringValue拼接keyValue，一个加到数组里
    for (AFQueryStringPair *pair in AFQueryStringPairsFromDictionary(parameters)) {
        [mutablePairs addObject:[pair URLEncodedStringValue]];
    }

    //拆分数组返回参数字符串
    return [mutablePairs componentsJoinedByString:@"&"];
}
NSArray * AFQueryStringPairsFromDictionary(NSDictionary *dictionary) {
    //往下调用
    return AFQueryStringPairsFromKeyAndValue(nil, dictionary);
}
NSArray * AFQueryStringPairsFromKeyAndValue(NSString *key, id value) {
    NSMutableArray *mutableQueryStringComponents = [NSMutableArray array];

    // 根据需要排列的对象的description来进行升序排列，并且selector使用的是compare:
    // 因为对象的description返回的是NSString，所以此处compare:使用的是NSString的compare函数
    // 即@[@"foo", @"bar", @"bae"] ----> @[@"bae", @"bar",@"foo"]
    NSSortDescriptor *sortDescriptor = [NSSortDescriptor sortDescriptorWithKey:@"description" ascending:YES selector:@selector(compare:)];

    //判断vaLue是什么类型的，然后去递归调用自己，直到解析的是除了array dic set以外的元素，然后把得到的参数数组返回。
    if ([value isKindOfClass:[NSDictionary class]]) {
        NSDictionary *dictionary = value;
        // Sort dictionary keys to ensure consistent ordering in query string, which is important when deserializing potentially ambiguous sequences, such as an array of dictionaries
        
        //拿到
        for (id nestedKey in [dictionary.allKeys sortedArrayUsingDescriptors:@[ sortDescriptor ]]) {
            id nestedValue = dictionary[nestedKey];
            if (nestedValue) {
                [mutableQueryStringComponents addObjectsFromArray:AFQueryStringPairsFromKeyAndValue((key ? [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@[%@]", key, nestedKey] : nestedKey), nestedValue)];
            }
        }
    } else if ([value isKindOfClass:[NSArray class]]) {
        NSArray *array = value;
        for (id nestedValue in array) {
            [mutableQueryStringComponents addObjectsFromArray:AFQueryStringPairsFromKeyAndValue([NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@[]", key], nestedValue)];
        }
    } else if ([value isKindOfClass:[NSSet class]]) {
        NSSet *set = value;
        for (id obj in [set sortedArrayUsingDescriptors:@[ sortDescriptor ]]) {
            [mutableQueryStringComponents addObjectsFromArray:AFQueryStringPairsFromKeyAndValue(key, obj)];
        }
    } else {
        [mutableQueryStringComponents addObject:[[AFQueryStringPair alloc] initWithField:key value:value]];
    }

    return mutableQueryStringComponents;
}

参数转码步骤示例
其中有个AFQueryStringPair对象，其只有两个属性和两个方法

@property (readwrite, nonatomic, strong) id field;
@property (readwrite, nonatomic, strong) id value;
   
    - (instancetype)initWithField:(id)field value:(id)value {
    self = [super init];
    if (!self) {
        return nil;
    }

    self.field = field;
    self.value = value;

    return self;
}
   
   - (NSString *)URLEncodedStringValue {
    if (!self.value || [self.value isEqual:[NSNull null]]) {
        return AFPercentEscapedStringFromString([self.field description]);
    } else {
        return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@=%@", AFPercentEscapedStringFromString([self.field description]), AFPercentEscapedStringFromString([self.value description])];
    }
}

@{ 
     @"name" : @"bang", 
     @"phone": @{@"mobile": @"xx", @"home": @"xx"}, 
     @"families": @[@"father", @"mother"], 
     @"nums": [NSSet setWithObjects:@"1", @"2", nil] 
} 
-> 
@[ 
     field: @"name", value: @"bang", 
     field: @"phone[mobile]", value: @"xx", 
     field: @"phone[home]", value: @"xx", 
     field: @"families[]", value: @"father", 
     field: @"families[]", value: @"mother", 
     field: @"nums", value: @"1", 
     field: @"nums", value: @"2", 
] 
-> 
name=bang&phone[mobile]=xx&phone[home]=xx&families[]=father&families[]=mother&nums=1&num=2

3.拼接参数

紧接着这个方法还根据该request中请求类型，来判断参数字符串应该如何设置到request中去。如果是GET、HEAD、DELETE，则把参数quey是拼接到url后面的。而POST、PUT是把query拼接到http body中的:

if ([self.HTTPMethodsEncodingParametersInURI containsObject:[[request HTTPMethod] uppercaseString]]) {
    if (query && query.length > 0) {
        mutableRequest.URL = [NSURL URLWithString:[[mutableRequest.URL absoluteString] stringByAppendingFormat:mutableRequest.URL.query ? @"&%@" : @"?%@", query]];
    }
} else {
    //post put请求
    
    // #2864: an empty string is a valid x-www-form-urlencoded payload
    if (!query) {
        query = @"";
    }
    if (![mutableRequest valueForHTTPHeaderField:@"Content-Type"]) {
        [mutableRequest setValue:@"application/x-www-form-urlencoded" forHTTPHeaderField:@"Content-Type"];
    }
    //设置请求体
    [mutableRequest setHTTPBody:[query dataUsingEncoding:self.stringEncoding]];
}

至此创建了一个request,回到AFHTTPSessionManager类中(NSURLSessionDataTask *)dataTaskWithHTTPMethod:这个方法继续往下走

二、生成task

- (NSURLSessionDataTask *)dataTaskWithRequest:(NSURLRequest *)request
                               uploadProgress:(nullable void (^)(NSProgress *uploadProgress)) uploadProgressBlock
                             downloadProgress:(nullable void (^)(NSProgress *downloadProgress)) downloadProgressBlock
                            completionHandler:(nullable void (^)(NSURLResponse *response, id _Nullable responseObject,  NSError * _Nullable error))completionHandler {

    __block NSURLSessionDataTask *dataTask = nil;
    //第一件事，创建NSURLSessionDataTask，里面适配了Ios8以下taskIdentifiers，函数创建task对象。
    //其实现应该是因为iOS 8.0以下版本中会并发地创建多个task对象，而同步有没有做好，导致taskIdentifiers 不唯一…这边做了一个串行处理
    url_session_manager_create_task_safely(^{
        dataTask = [self.session dataTaskWithRequest:request];
    });

    [self addDelegateForDataTask:dataTask uploadProgress:uploadProgressBlock downloadProgress:downloadProgressBlock completionHandler:completionHandler];

    return dataTask;
}

后续待更新

三、网络状态监听模块

AFNetworkReachabilityManager

四、网络通信安全策略模块

AFSecurityPolicy

五、网络通信信息序列化/反序列化模块

AFURLRequestSerialization

AFURLResponseSerialization

参考博客

参考一
参考二